Parliament Building (Assemblée nationale) | Quebec City

The Parliament Building (in French, Hôtel du Parlement) of Quebec is an iconic and historically significant structure located in Quebec City. It serves as the seat of the National Assembly of Quebec (Assemblée nationale du Québec), the legislative body of the province. With its majestic architecture, rich history, and central role in Quebec's political landscape, the Parliament Building is one of the most important landmarks in the city.

Overview of the Parliament Building

Location: The Parliament Building is located on Parliament Hill (Colline Parlementaire), near Old Quebec. It is situated in the Plains of Abraham, an area that holds immense historical significance in Canada’s history.

Purpose: The building houses the National Assembly of Quebec, where the elected members (called deputies) debate and pass laws. The Quebec Premier and the Cabinet also operate from this building, making it the center of provincial governance.

History and Construction

Origins:

The Parliament Building was originally built in the 19th century, with construction starting in 1877 and completed in 1886. It was designed to house the legislative assembly of the province after Quebec became a province of Canada in 1867.

Prior to the construction of the Parliament Building, Quebec's legislature met in several locations, including a temporary building and the Old Parliament Building, which was destroyed by fire in 1883.

Design:

The Parliament Building was designed by George-Étienne Cartier, one of the key figures in the creation of Canada. The building follows a Second Empire style, which was popular during the late 19th century and is characterized by mansard roofs, ornate detailing, and grand facades.

The building is made of limestone, and its exterior is adorned with columns, balustrades, and sculptures that evoke classical European architecture.

One of the most striking features of the Parliament Building is the central dome and the tower that rises above the structure, which is topped with a bronze statue of La Renommée (the "Fame" statue), symbolizing the importance of the province.

Major Events:

The Parliament Building has been the site of many important political events in Quebec's history, including debates on language laws, cultural rights, and the ongoing quest for Quebec sovereignty.

The quiet revolution of the 1960s, which brought major social and political changes to Quebec, also had significant impacts on the legislature and its role in the modern era.

Renovations and Preservation:

Over the years, the Parliament Building has undergone multiple renovations and expansions. The original building was preserved, while new wings and facilities were added to accommodate the growing needs of the government. A new extension was built in the 1920s, and the building underwent extensive restoration work in the late 20th century to ensure its preservation.

The building is currently a National Historic Site of Canada, and its restoration has preserved its grandeur and historic value.

Architecture and Features

Exterior:

The Parliament Building is a grand structure with a distinct Second Empire architectural style, featuring tall columns, ornate cornices, and a steep mansard roof.

The front façade faces the Plains of Abraham, and the large central steps lead up to the entrance, which is adorned with sculptures and intricate details.

The dome and tower are iconic elements of the building’s design. The La Renommée statue on top of the dome symbolizes the province’s historical importance and its aspirations.

Interior:

The interior of the building is as grand as the exterior, with elaborate woodwork, gold leaf accents, and high ceilings. The Chamber of the National Assembly is the most important room, where the deputies gather to debate and legislate.

The Chamber is designed in a neoclassical style, with wooden galleries and luxurious carpets. Portraits of past political figures line the walls, and bronze statues of Quebec’s historical leaders can be found throughout the building.

The Premier’s office, committee rooms, and the Speaker’s office are all located within the building. Several other rooms and halls are used for ceremonial functions and public events.

Functions of the Parliament Building

Legislative Role:

The Parliament Building is the heart of Quebec’s democracy. It houses the National Assembly of Quebec, where elected representatives (also known as MNAs or Members of the National Assembly) meet to discuss, debate, and vote on provincial laws and policies.

The Premier of Quebec and the Cabinet operate from the Parliament Building, making it a hub of political activity. Key laws on issues such as education, health care, language rights, and economic policy are debated and passed here.

Public Tours:

The Parliament Building is open to the public, and visitors can take guided tours to learn about the building’s history, its architecture, and the political system in Quebec.

During the tours, visitors can explore the Chamber of the National Assembly, the Premier’s office, and various artworks that celebrate Quebec’s political heritage. It’s a great opportunity to learn about the history of Quebec’s independence, the Quiet Revolution, and the struggles for sovereignty.

Ceremonial Functions:

The Parliament Building hosts various official ceremonies, including the swearing-in of new MNAs, the official opening of legislative sessions, and events for visiting dignitaries.

The Governor General of Quebec or the Lieutenant Governor also participates in official ceremonies at the building, particularly during the annual speech from the throne.

Public Engagement:

The building often holds public hearings and consultations on issues of public interest, where citizens can voice their opinions and concerns. These events are part of the democratic process that encourages citizen participation in government.

Surrounding Grounds: The Parliament Hill and Gardens

Parliament Hill (Colline Parlementaire):

The Parliament Building is located on Parliament Hill, which offers panoramic views of the city and the St. Lawrence River. The hill is surrounded by beautifully maintained gardens and parks, providing a peaceful setting for both locals and tourists.

The area around the Parliament Building is home to several monuments, including the Monument to the Battle of Quebec, which commemorates the historic Battle of Quebec in 1759.

The Parc des Parlementaires:

The Parc des Parlementaires is a lovely green space located directly in front of the Parliament Building. It features neatly manicured lawns, sculptures, and flower gardens, creating an ideal space for visitors to relax while enjoying the view of the building.

The Governor General's Garden is also nearby, adding to the serene atmosphere of the area.

Significance and Symbolism

The Parliament Building is not only the center of government in Quebec but also a powerful symbol of the province’s political autonomy and history. It reflects the pride and heritage of Quebec’s people and their commitment to self-governance within the framework of Canada.

The building stands as a testament to Quebec’s role in Canadian history, from the French colonial period to its status as a distinct society within Canada.

The Plains of Abraham, where the building is situated, also holds profound historical significance, being the site of the Battle of the Plains of Abraham in 1759, where British and French forces clashed during the Seven Years' War.

Visitor Information

Hours of Operation: The Parliament Building is open to the public throughout the week, with guided tours available in both English and French. Some areas of the building may be restricted during official sessions or events.

Accessibility: The building and surrounding grounds are fully accessible to people with reduced mobility. Visitors can enjoy the site’s exhibits, tours, and gardens, all with easy access for everyone.

Conclusion

The Parliament Building of Quebec is a stunning architectural masterpiece and a key part of the province's identity. It serves as both a symbol of Quebec’s political importance and a vibrant hub of democratic activity. With its historical significance, beautiful design, and essential role in Quebec’s governance, it’s a must-visit landmark for anyone exploring Quebec City. Whether you’re interested in history, architecture, or politics, the Parliament Building offers a fascinating look at the province’s past, present, and future.