Rozafa Castle | Shkoder

Rozafa Castle, also known as Rozafa Fortress, is one of Albania’s most iconic historical landmarks. Perched on a rocky hill overlooking the city of Shkodër, it offers stunning panoramic views of the surrounding region, including the confluence of the Buna, Drin, and Kiri rivers. The castle has a rich and layered history, serving as a strategic stronghold for various civilizations over millennia.

Historical Overview

Illyrian Origins (4th Century BCE)

• The castle’s foundations date back to the Illyrian period, around the 4th century BCE. It was an important defensive structure for the Illyrian tribes, particularly the Labeates, who ruled the Shkodër region.
• Queen Teuta, a notable Illyrian ruler, likely used the fortress during her reign in the 3rd century BCE.

Roman and Byzantine Rule

• After the Roman conquest of Illyria in 168 BCE, the fortress became part of the Roman Empire and later the Byzantine Empire, serving as a key military post.

Medieval Era

• During the Middle Ages, Rozafa Castle was contested by various powers, including the Venetians, Serbians, and Ottomans.
• In the 15th century, it became a focal point of resistance against the Ottoman Empire, particularly during the siege led by the Albanian national hero Gjergj Kastrioti Skanderbeg.

Ottoman Era (1479-1912)

• The Ottomans captured Rozafa Castle in 1479 after a prolonged siege. They reinforced the fortress, which remained under their control until Albania’s independence in 1912.

Architectural Features

Rozafa Castle spans an area of 9 hectares and is divided into several sections, each reflecting the influences of different historical periods.

Outer Walls

• The fortress is encircled by thick stone walls, punctuated with defensive towers and gates. The walls offer insights into Illyrian, Venetian, and Ottoman construction techniques.

Main Gate

• The entrance to the castle is marked by a well-preserved Venetian-style gate, featuring inscriptions and reliefs.

Inner Structures

• Within the castle, visitors can find remnants of chapels, cisterns, and military barracks. Notable structures include:
  • The Church of Saint Stephen, later converted into a mosque during Ottoman rule.
  • Water Cisterns, vital for sustaining the fortress during sieges.

Viewpoints

• The castle offers breathtaking views of the surrounding landscapes, including Lake Shkodër, the rivers, and the distant Albanian Alps.

The Legend of Rozafa

Rozafa Castle is steeped in folklore, with its most famous tale being the Legend of Rozafa:

• According to the legend, three brothers built the castle, but the walls would collapse every night. To ensure the structure's stability, they consulted a wise man who told them to sacrifice one of their wives.
• The brothers agreed to sacrifice the first wife to bring them food, with the condition they wouldn’t reveal the plan. The youngest brother’s wife, Rozafa, came and was chosen.
• Accepting her fate, Rozafa agreed to be buried in the walls, but she asked that part of her body be left exposed: one arm to caress her child, one breast to nurse him, and one eye to watch over him.
• This poignant story symbolizes sacrifice for the greater good and has become a defining narrative of the castle.

Tourism and Attractions

Visiting Rozafa Castle

• Hours: The castle is open year-round, usually during daylight hours.
• Entrance Fee: A small fee is required for entry, typically affordable for tourists.
• Guided Tours: Guides are available to provide historical context and share the legend of Rozafa.

Museum

• A small museum inside the castle showcases artifacts from the Illyrian, Roman, Venetian, and Ottoman periods, offering a glimpse into the site’s layered history.

Events and Festivals

• The castle occasionally hosts cultural events, concerts, and festivals celebrating Albanian heritage.

Practical Information

Location

• Rozafa Castle is located about 3 kilometers (1.8 miles) from Shkodër city center. It is easily accessible by car, taxi, or a short hike.

Tips for Visitors

• Wear comfortable shoes: The terrain inside the castle is uneven, with steep paths and rocky surfaces.
• Bring water and sun protection, especially during summer.
• Visit during sunrise or sunset for spectacular views and lighting.

Nearby Attractions

• Lake Shkodër: The largest lake in the Balkans, ideal for boat rides and birdwatching.
• Lead Mosque: A 16th-century Ottoman mosque near the base of the hill.
• Marubi National Museum of Photography: Albania’s first photography museum, located in Shkodër.

Significance

Rozafa Castle is more than just a historical site; it is a symbol of Albania’s resilience and cultural identity. Its dramatic location, coupled with its rich history and folklore, makes it a must-visit destination for anyone exploring northern Albania.