Sassi di Matera | Bari

The Sassi di Matera refers to the ancient cave dwellings and stone-carved structures found in the city of Matera, located in the region of Basilicata, southern Italy. Matera is known for its unique and historic landscape, which is characterized by a network of stone-built dwellings, churches, and tunnels carved directly into the limestone rock of a ravine, creating a fascinating and ancient urban complex.

Key Features of the Sassi di Matera:

Origins and History:

• The Sassi are thought to date back to prehistoric times, with evidence of human settlement in the area as far back as the Paleolithic period (over 9,000 years ago). The dwellings are carved into the soft limestone rock and have evolved over millennia, with later additions from various cultures, including the Byzantines and Normans.
• The area was continuously inhabited until the 1950s, when it was considered one of the poorest and most underdeveloped places in Italy, leading to the forced evacuation of many residents. Since then, extensive restoration has transformed Matera into a significant historical and tourist site.

Architecture:

• The Sassi is divided into two main districts: Sasso Caveoso and Sasso Barisano. Both sections feature a labyrinth of narrow streets, staircases, and stone houses, many of which are built directly into the rock or constructed with stones from the surrounding area.
• The dwellings are often simple one-room homes, with structures built around a central courtyard. The roofs are typically flat, and many were once used as places for communal living and storage.
• The churches within the Sassi are equally notable, with many being carved directly into the rock, such as Chiesa di San Pietro Caveoso and Chiesa di Santa Maria de Idris. These rock-hewn churches feature beautiful frescoes and intricate carvings.

UNESCO World Heritage Status:

• In 1993, the Sassi di Matera was designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site due to its exceptional historical and architectural value. The area is considered one of the oldest continuously inhabited urban areas in the world.

Cultural and Tourist Significance:

• Matera has experienced a resurgence in recent years, attracting tourists from around the world who come to explore its ancient caves, churches, and picturesque streets. The city was also named the European Capital of Culture for 2019, which has further increased its global visibility.
• Visitors can explore the ancient stone dwellings, many of which have been converted into boutique hotels, restaurants, and museums. The Casa Grotta is a museum that recreates the lifestyle of the cave dwellers, showcasing how people lived in the area until the mid-20th century.
• The Sassi di Matera has been a popular filming location for many movies, including "The Passion of the Christ" (2004), directed by Mel Gibson, because of its otherworldly, ancient appearance.

Modern Adaptations:

• Over the years, many of the cave dwellings have been modernized and repurposed for contemporary uses, such as restaurants, shops, hotels, and art galleries, while still maintaining their historical and cultural integrity.
• Matera’s urban development has been carefully planned to balance the preservation of its ancient structures with the needs of modern life.

Unique Landscape:

• The city of Matera is located in a ravine, with the Gravina River running below. This natural setting adds to the dramatic appearance of the Sassi, as the cave dwellings are perched on cliffs, and the landscape has an almost surreal, cinematic quality.

In Summary:

The Sassi di Matera is a stunning example of human ingenuity and adaptability, with ancient cave dwellings, rock-cut churches, and a fascinating urban layout that tells the story of centuries of history. Its inclusion as a UNESCO World Heritage Site highlights its importance as a cultural and architectural treasure, and the ongoing preservation and revitalization efforts ensure that this unique city continues to captivate visitors from around the world.