St. Anne’s Episcopal Church | Annapolis

St. Anne’s Episcopal Church in Annapolis, Maryland, is a deeply historic and architecturally significant landmark that embodies over three centuries of religious, cultural, and civic life in the city. Founded in 1692 as part of the establishment of the Church of England in colonial Maryland, it stands prominently at Church Circle in the heart of Annapolis’s historic district. The church’s evolution reflects the city’s colonial past, revolutionary history, and architectural transitions through the 18th and 19th centuries.

Historical Development

The origins of St. Anne’s Church date to 1692, when the Maryland Assembly passed the Establishment Act, which officially recognized the Church of England as the colony’s established church. The original church building was constructed around 1704 near the site of the present-day church, serving as a spiritual and community center in early Annapolis.

In 1775, the original structure was demolished to make way for a larger, more imposing building. However, construction was delayed by the American Revolutionary War and only completed in 1792. This second church was consecrated by Thomas John Claggett, Maryland’s first bishop. The building served the community for several decades until it was destroyed by a devastating fire on February 14, 1858.

The current St. Anne’s Church was constructed in 1859, designed by architect J.R. Condit in the Romanesque Revival style, a marked departure from earlier colonial designs. The following years saw the addition of the Gothic Revival spire in 1865–1866, which remains one of the church’s defining features today. The spire also houses the historic town clock, maintained by the city and a beloved Annapolis landmark.

Architectural Characteristics

St. Anne’s Church is a notable example of Romanesque Revival architecture, characterized by robust, rounded arches, heavy masonry walls, and a basilica-style layout. The building is constructed primarily from locally sourced stone and brick, lending it a solid, timeless presence within Annapolis’s historic fabric.

Exterior: The church features a symmetrical façade with large rounded arched windows that allow ample natural light into the sanctuary. The bell tower and spire rise prominently above Church Circle, serving as a visual anchor for the historic district.

Interior: The basilica-plan interior comprises a long nave flanked by side aisles, separated by massive stone columns and wide arches. The open wooden ceiling is supported by elaborately carved ornamental brackets and exposed beams, showcasing craftsmanship typical of mid-19th-century ecclesiastical design.

Furnishings and Art: Inside, the church houses several remarkable artistic features. The stone altar and baptismal font were designed by renowned sculptor William Henry Rinehart, reflecting fine 19th-century craftsmanship. Behind the altar stands a German walnut reredos installed in 1920, adding to the rich decorative scheme.

The church’s stained glass windows, including notable Tiffany Studios pieces such as “St. Anne Instructing the Young Virgin Mary” and the “Angel of Resurrection,” enhance the sacred atmosphere with colorful, detailed imagery, illustrating biblical themes and saints.

Historical and Civic Importance

St. Anne’s Church has played a vital role in Annapolis’s community life for over three centuries, serving not only as a place of worship but also as a civic landmark. The church’s tower clock historically functioned as the city’s official timepiece, a role it continues to hold, symbolizing the church’s integration into public life.

The churchyard surrounding St. Anne’s contains a historic cemetery with gravestones dating back to the mid-1700s, including notable colonial figures who contributed to Maryland’s development. This cemetery is one of the oldest in Annapolis, providing tangible links to the city’s colonial past.

Community Role and Activities

Today, St. Anne’s Episcopal Church remains an active parish, offering a variety of worship services ranging from traditional liturgies to contemporary gatherings. The church also hosts numerous community events, concerts, and educational programs, fostering engagement with both parishioners and visitors.

Its central location on Duke of Gloucester Street makes it easily accessible to tourists exploring Annapolis’s historic district. The church frequently participates in citywide heritage events, open houses, and guided tours, allowing visitors to experience its architecture and history firsthand.

Visitor Experience

Visitors to St. Anne’s Church can appreciate its architectural beauty both inside and out, enjoy the peacefulness of the churchyard, and learn about its layered history through interpretive materials and occasional guided tours. The church’s towering spire and prominent position in Church Circle make it a natural focal point for exploring Annapolis’s colonial heritage.

Nearby landmarks such as the Maryland State House, William Paca House, and the United States Naval Academy complement a visit, offering a comprehensive understanding of Annapolis’s historical and cultural significance.

Summary

St. Anne’s Episcopal Church is a cornerstone of Annapolis’s historic landscape, combining architectural distinction with centuries of religious and civic importance. Its Romanesque Revival structure, rich artistic embellishments, and enduring community role highlight the church as a living symbol of the city’s colonial roots and ongoing vitality. The church remains a must-see for those interested in American colonial history, ecclesiastical architecture, and the cultural heritage of Maryland’s capital.