Backbone Mountain | Hagerstown

Backbone Mountain is a prominent ridge in the Allegheny Mountains, stretching approximately 39 miles (63 kilometers) along the border between Garrett County, Maryland, and Tucker County, West Virginia. It holds the distinction of containing the highest point in the state of Maryland, known as Hoye-Crest, which rises to an elevation of 3,360 feet (1,024 meters) above sea level. This mountain ridge is notable not only for its elevation but also for its geographical and ecological significance as part of the Eastern Continental Divide.

Geographic and Geological Features

Backbone Mountain forms a rugged, forested ridge that marks a significant watershed boundary. To the east of the ridge, water drains into the Potomac River basin, ultimately reaching the Chesapeake Bay and the Atlantic Ocean, while to the west, waters flow toward the Ohio River and the Mississippi River, eventually reaching the Gulf of Mexico. This divide highlights Backbone Mountain’s role in shaping regional hydrology.

The ridge is characterized by mixed hardwood forests, including species such as oaks, maples, and hickories, alongside patches of conifers like red spruce and eastern hemlock. The terrain is steep in many sections, with rocky outcrops and dense vegetation, offering habitat to a variety of wildlife including black bears, white-tailed deer, and numerous bird species.

Hoye-Crest: Maryland’s Highest Point

Hoye-Crest, the summit of Backbone Mountain and the highest point in Maryland, is named in honor of Captain Charles E. Hoye, founder of the Garrett County Historical Society. The summit itself is located just inside the Maryland state line on private property, but access is allowed via a public hiking trail.

The summit features a modest wooden platform and a commemorative plaque. From this vantage point, visitors are rewarded with expansive views of the North Branch Potomac River valley, which lies to the east. The vista includes rolling forested hills and distant ridges, particularly striking during autumn foliage season.

Maryland High Point Trail

The primary access route to Hoye-Crest is the Maryland High Point Trail, a roughly one-mile (1.6 km) hiking trail that begins about 0.7 miles south of Silver Lake, West Virginia, on U.S. Route 219. The trail follows an old logging road and climbs approximately 700 feet (213 meters) in elevation. It is considered a moderate hike, with a steady incline, some uneven footing, and potential muddy or slick conditions, especially after rainfall.

The trail is marked by orange blazes and signs labeled “MD HP” to guide hikers. As the trail crosses private property, hikers are strongly advised to remain on the designated path and respect the landowners by not camping, littering, or causing disturbances.

At the summit, a picnic table is available for rest and enjoying the views. The trail is popular with peak-baggers and those seeking to reach all state high points in the United States.

Surrounding Natural Attractions

Backbone Mountain is part of a larger natural region featuring notable landmarks such as Blackwater Canyon and the Olson Observation Tower. Blackwater Canyon is a deep, scenic gorge that lies adjacent to the ridge, known for its rugged terrain, old-growth forests, and rich biodiversity. The Olson Observation Tower, located on the southern end of Backbone Mountain in West Virginia, offers panoramic views of Cheat River watershed, Blackwater Canyon, and surrounding mountains.

These nearby sites complement the experience of visiting Backbone Mountain, offering additional hiking, wildlife observation, and photography opportunities.

Access and Visitor Information

Getting There: The trailhead for the Maryland High Point Trail is accessed from U.S. Route 219, approximately 4 miles south of Oakland, Maryland, and about 1 mile north of Silver Lake, West Virginia. Visitors can park along the shoulder of the highway near the trailhead, but parking is limited and unofficial, so arriving early is recommended during peak seasons.

Trail Conditions: The trail is well-marked but can be muddy and slippery. Proper hiking footwear is essential, and carrying water is important as no potable water sources are available on the trail.

Respect for Private Land: Although public access is permitted for hiking to the summit, the trail passes through private land. Visitors should adhere strictly to the trail, avoid trespassing beyond the marked areas, and practice Leave No Trace principles to preserve the environment and maintain good relations with landowners.

Best Times to Visit

The optimal seasons for hiking Backbone Mountain are spring, summer, and fall. Spring offers blooming wildflowers and fresh greenery, summer provides lush forest cover and generally stable weather, while fall brings vibrant foliage that enhances the scenic views from the summit. Winter visits are possible but require caution due to snow and ice, which can make the trail treacherous.

Summary

Backbone Mountain stands as a significant geographic and recreational landmark along the Maryland–West Virginia border. It combines ecological richness, hydrological importance, and cultural heritage. Hiking to Hoye-Crest, Maryland’s highest point, offers an accessible yet rewarding outdoor experience with stunning views and a connection to the region’s natural history. The mountain’s location within the Allegheny range and its proximity to other scenic areas make it a valuable destination for hikers, nature lovers, and those interested in highpointing. The preservation of this ridge and responsible visitor use ensure that Backbone Mountain remains a cherished feature of Maryland’s mountainous landscape.