Furnas Valley | Azores

Furnas Valley is one of the most captivating natural areas in the Azores Archipelago, located on São Miguel Island in Portugal. Known for its geothermal activity, lush landscapes, and picturesque villages, this valley offers a mix of volcanic phenomena, thermal springs, and rich biodiversity. It is a place of outstanding natural beauty, often considered a must-visit destination for those exploring the island.

1. Geographical Location

• Location: Furnas Valley is situated in the eastern part of São Miguel Island, near the village of Furnas. It lies within the Furnas Volcano, which is one of the island’s most active volcanic regions.
• Caldera: The valley itself is located in the caldera of the Furnas Volcano. A caldera is a large, crater-like depression formed by the collapse of land after a volcanic eruption. Furnas is a volcanic hotspot that has been active for centuries, and the valley is one of the key geological features of the area.
• Altitude: The valley sits at an altitude of approximately 300 meters (1,000 feet) above sea level, and the surrounding mountains and volcanic peaks give the area its dramatic landscape.

2. Geothermal Activity

• Hot Springs: The Furnas Valley is famous for its geothermal activity, with several thermal springs located throughout the region. These springs are heated by the volcanic activity below the surface and are rich in minerals. The water in these springs is believed to have therapeutic properties and is used for bathing and relaxation. Some of the most popular thermal baths include Terra Nostra Park and Poça da Dona Beija, both of which offer hot mineral baths in lush, tropical gardens.
• Geysers and Fumaroles: In addition to the thermal springs, the valley is home to fumaroles (steam vents) and hot springs that bubble with sulfuric water. These geothermal features create a surreal and unique atmosphere, with steam rising from the ground and the distinct smell of sulfur in the air. Visitors can often witness the geothermal activity in action, making it a fascinating place to explore.
• Cozido das Furnas: One of the unique culinary traditions in Furnas is Cozido das Furnas, a traditional Portuguese stew that is cooked using the geothermal heat of the volcanic soil. The dish consists of a variety of meats, vegetables, and spices, all cooked in large pots that are lowered into the ground to cook for several hours in the hot volcanic earth. This slow-cooking method gives the stew a distinct flavor and is a popular culinary experience for visitors.

3. Natural Beauty

• Lush Vegetation: Furnas Valley is surrounded by dense forests and lush vegetation, which thrive in the warm, moist climate created by the geothermal activity. The valley is covered with a variety of plants, including ferns, hydrangeas, and azaleas, which bloom in a riot of colors during the spring and summer months. The combination of geothermal features and tropical greenery creates an otherworldly atmosphere.
• Lagoa das Furnas (Furnas Lake): One of the main highlights of the valley is Lagoa das Furnas, a crater lake that sits at the heart of the valley. This picturesque lake is surrounded by hills and lush forest, and its still waters reflect the surrounding landscape. The lake is a tranquil place to visit, offering a peaceful spot for relaxation, walking, and photography. It is a popular location for birdwatching, as a variety of bird species can be found in the area.
• Botanical Gardens: The valley is home to beautiful botanical gardens, such as Terra Nostra Park, which is renowned for its collection of exotic plants and large thermal swimming pool. The park's lush garden features a mix of subtropical and temperate species, creating a peaceful and scenic environment.

4. Historic and Cultural Significance

• Furnas Village: The village of Furnas is at the center of the valley and is an important cultural and historic site on São Miguel Island. The village is known for its charming streets, historic buildings, and traditional houses. Visitors can explore the village's main square, where the Church of Nossa Senhora da Alegria stands, as well as enjoy local cafes and restaurants serving Azorean cuisine.
• Furnas Natural Park: The area surrounding the valley is protected as the Furnas Natural Park, a nature reserve designed to preserve the unique ecosystems and geothermal features of the region. The park includes various walking trails, viewpoints, and areas of natural interest where visitors can learn about the area's volcanic activity and environmental importance.

5. Activities and Attractions

• Hiking: The Furnas Valley is an excellent destination for hiking and nature walks, with several well-marked trails that lead through forests, past geothermal features, and around Lagoa das Furnas. Trails vary in difficulty, from easy walks around the lake to more challenging hikes up surrounding hills, such as Caldeira Velha, which offers fantastic views of the valley and the geothermal landscape.
• Hot Springs and Spas: The thermal baths and spas in Furnas are a major draw for visitors. Poça da Dona Beija is a popular spot where visitors can relax in natural, mineral-rich hot springs. Another well-known location is Terra Nostra Park, which offers a large thermal pool surrounded by lush gardens, providing a tranquil setting for a relaxing soak.
• Culinary Experience: As mentioned earlier, Cozido das Furnas is a must-try dish for those visiting the valley. It is traditionally cooked using the geothermal heat from the earth, and several local restaurants in the village serve this iconic dish. The preparation and serving of the Cozido provide a fascinating insight into local traditions and volcanic culture.

6. Flora and Fauna

• Flora: The vegetation in Furnas Valley is incredibly diverse, with both native and introduced species flourishing in the warm, humid environment. The Laurisilva forest is one of the most important ecosystems in the region, characterized by evergreen trees, ferns, and mosses. In addition, the area is home to a variety of flowers, such as hydrangeas, azaleas, and camellias, which add vibrant color to the landscape.
• Fauna: Furnas Valley is home to a variety of wildlife, including birds such as the Azorean bullfinch, which is endemic to the Azores. The valley is also known for its abundance of insects and reptiles, including geckos and lizards. The geothermal waters attract some species of aquatic life, and the surrounding forests provide a habitat for various species of mammals, birds, and insects.

7. Best Time to Visit

• Spring and Summer: The best time to visit Furnas Valley is during the spring (April to June) and summer (July to September), when the weather is warm, and the plants are in full bloom. This is the ideal time to experience the lush vegetation and vibrant flowers, as well as to enjoy hiking and exploring the area.
• Autumn: Autumn (October and November) also offers a great experience with fewer tourists and a more tranquil atmosphere. The fall colors in the forest and around the lake are a highlight during this season.
• Winter: The winter months (December to March) can be colder and wetter, but the geothermal features of the valley remain active, and the hot springs are particularly inviting during this time. However, some trails may be less accessible due to weather conditions.

8. Practical Information

• Location: Furnas Valley is located in the eastern part of São Miguel Island, about 30 kilometers (19 miles) from the island’s capital, Ponta Delgada.
• Transportation: The valley is easily accessible by car, with well-maintained roads leading to Furnas Village and the surrounding area. Public transportation is also available, though renting a car is the most convenient option for exploring the region.
• Accommodation: There are several accommodation options in the Furnas area, including hotels, guesthouses, and rural tourism lodges. Many accommodations offer easy access to the thermal springs and hiking trails in the valley.

9. Conclusion

Furnas Valley is a unique and beautiful destination, where visitors can experience the power and beauty of volcanic landscapes, geothermal activity, and lush vegetation. Whether you're interested in relaxing in hot springs, hiking through volcanic terrain, enjoying local culinary traditions, or simply soaking in the stunning natural beauty, Furnas Valley offers something for every nature lover and traveler seeking to experience the best of São Miguel Island. It is a place that captures the essence of the Azores—untouched, serene, and full of natural wonders.