Geoglifos de Pintados | Arica

Geoglifos de Pintados (Pintados Geoglyphs)

The Geoglifos de Pintados is one of the largest collections of geoglyphs in the world, located in northern Chile’s Atacama Desert, within the Pampa del Tamarugal National Reserve. These massive figures, created by ancient indigenous cultures, are among the most significant archaeological sites in South America.

1. Location and Accessibility

• Located in the Tarapacá Region, about 95 km southeast of Iquique and 145 km from Arica.
• Part of the Pampa del Tamarugal National Reserve, managed by CONAF (Chile’s National Forestry Corporation).
• Accessible via Route 5 (Pan-American Highway) and a short detour on Route A-65.

2. Description and Significance

• The site contains over 400 geoglyphs, spread across 4 km of hillsides.
• Created by pre-Columbian cultures between 1000 and 1400 AD.
• These massive designs include human figures, animals (such as llamas and birds), geometric shapes, and abstract symbols.
• Thought to be markers for ancient trade routes, guiding travelers and caravans crossing the Atacama Desert.

3. How Were They Made?

• The geoglyphs were created using three main techniques:
  1. Extractive technique – Removing dark stones to expose lighter soil underneath.
  2. Additive technique – Arranging stones to form figures.
  3. Mixed technique – A combination of both methods.

4. Interpretation and Theories

• The geoglyphs likely served ritual, religious, or navigational purposes.
• Some researchers believe they represented deities, mythological beings, or celestial symbols.
• Others suggest they were road signs for caravans traveling between the coast, Andes, and Amazon regions.

5. Visiting Information

• Opening Hours: Typically open daily, but check with CONAF for exact schedules.
• Entry Fee: A small fee is required for conservation purposes.
• Facilities: Includes a visitor center with exhibits explaining the history and meaning of the geoglyphs.
• Best Time to Visit: Early morning or late afternoon to avoid the intense desert heat.

6. Nearby Attractions

• Humberstone and Santa Laura Saltpeter Works – UNESCO-listed ghost towns from the Chilean nitrate era.
• Pampa del Tamarugal National Reserve – A protected desert ecosystem with native tamarugo trees.
• Iquique – A coastal city with historic architecture, duty-free shopping, and surfing spots.

7. Why Visit?

• One of the largest geoglyph sites in the world.
• A unique glimpse into pre-Columbian desert cultures.
• Stunning archaeological and natural landscapes in the Atacama Desert.

The Geoglifos de Pintados is an extraordinary archaeological site, offering a window into the beliefs and traditions of ancient Andean cultures. It is a must-visit for history enthusiasts and travelers exploring northern Chile.