Knuckles Mountain Range | Kandy

The Knuckles Mountain Range is a stunning and ecologically rich mountain range located in the central part of Sri Lanka, specifically in the Kandy District. It is renowned for its unique landscape, biodiversity, and its designation as a UNESCO World Heritage Site under the Central Highlands of Sri Lanka.

1. Overview and Location

• Location: The Knuckles Mountain Range spans across the central highlands of Sri Lanka, covering the regions of Kandy, Matale, and Nuwara Eliya districts.
• Size: The range covers an area of around 1,800 square kilometers and consists of several peaks, valleys, and ridges.
• Altitude: The highest peak in the range is Knuckles Peak (also called Gomathambowa), standing at an impressive 1,908 meters (6,263 feet) above sea level. The range has several other notable peaks, including Heenatigala, Kirigalpotta, and Samanala, among others.

2. Significance and Biodiversity

• UNESCO World Heritage Site: The Central Highlands of Sri Lanka, including the Knuckles Mountain Range, were inscribed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2010 due to their exceptional natural value and biodiversity.
• Flora and Fauna: The Knuckles range is home to a diverse range of flora and fauna, many of which are endemic to Sri Lanka. The area is characterized by dense tropical rainforests, cloud forests, grasslands, and wetlands.
  • Flora: The range hosts a variety of plant species, including endemic orchids, ferns, and medicinal plants. The forests here are rich in timber trees like kumbuk, burutha, and palu.
  • Fauna: The region is a haven for wildlife, particularly birds, mammals, and reptiles. It is home to species such as the Sri Lankan leopard, elephants, wild boars, and several species of monkeys. Birdwatchers can also spot species like the Sri Lanka junglefowl and Sri Lanka green pigeon.
  • Endemic Species: The region is one of the most significant habitats for endemic species, including the Sri Lankan red fern and Knuckles leaf monkey.

3. Trekking and Hiking

• Trekking Trails: The Knuckles Mountain Range offers a variety of trekking and hiking trails suitable for all levels of experience, from beginner to advanced. These trails pass through rainforests, grasslands, rivers, and remote villages, offering scenic views and wildlife sightings.
  • Popular Trails:
    • Knuckles Summit Trek: This challenging trek takes you to the highest point in the range, providing panoramic views of the surrounding mountains and valleys.
    • Riverston Trek: This moderate trail offers views of waterfalls and valleys, passing through dense forests and offering a chance to see endemic bird species.
    • Dumbara Valley: A less-traveled trail that explores the Dumbara Valley, home to traditional villages and a rich array of wildlife.
• Hiking Difficulty: While some trails are relatively easy, others, especially those leading to the higher peaks, can be quite challenging. Guides are recommended for longer or more difficult treks, as the trails can sometimes be confusing, and the terrain is rugged.

4. Waterfalls and Scenic Beauty

The Knuckles Mountain Range is dotted with numerous waterfalls, which add to its natural beauty. Some of the most notable waterfalls in the region include:

• Rambukoluwa Falls
• Duwili Ella
• Sembuwatta Falls
• Bambarakiri Ella

Scenic Views: The range is renowned for its dramatic landscapes, with rolling hills, deep valleys, and mist-covered peaks. The higher elevations are often enveloped in cloud cover, creating an ethereal and mystical atmosphere, especially in the early morning and evening.

5. Eco-Tourism and Conservation

The Knuckles Mountain Range is a significant area for eco-tourism. The region is protected by the Knuckles Conservation Forest and is home to several nature reserves. Efforts are made to preserve the natural beauty and biodiversity of the area through sustainable tourism practices.

The Knuckles Conservation Forest is managed by the Department of Forest Conservation and includes restrictions on activities that could harm the environment, such as logging and agricultural encroachment.

The area also supports local communities, many of whom live in traditional villages in the foothills of the mountains. Visitors can interact with the locals and experience cultural heritage and traditional lifestyles.

6. Flora and Fauna Protection

The rich biodiversity of the Knuckles range has led to its designation as a conservation area. Several endangered species rely on the forests and wetlands of the range for their habitat. In particular, the Sri Lanka leopard and Sri Lanka elephant are critically dependent on this ecosystem. Conservation efforts focus on protecting the region from deforestation, poaching, and other threats.

7. Best Time to Visit

• Dry Season (December to March): The best time to visit the Knuckles Mountain Range is during the dry season, typically from December to March, when the weather is more conducive for trekking and outdoor activities.
• Rainy Season (April to November): The region experiences heavy rainfall during the monsoon season, which can make trekking trails slippery and challenging. However, the lush green landscapes during this time are incredibly beautiful, and it’s a good time for birdwatching.

8. Accommodation

• Eco-lodges and Guesthouses: There are several eco-lodges and guesthouses located at the base of the Knuckles range or in nearby towns like Matale and Kandy. These accommodations provide a base for those exploring the area and often emphasize sustainable tourism practices.
• Camping: For those seeking a more immersive experience, camping is an option in designated areas along trekking routes. This is a great way to enjoy the unspoiled nature and the peaceful surroundings.

9. How to Get There

• From Colombo: The Knuckles Mountain Range is about a 3-4 hour drive from Colombo. You can reach the area by car or public transport (bus or train to Kandy, followed by a taxi or bus to the range).
• By Train: Take a train to Kandy, which is well connected to major cities, and then travel by taxi or bus to the starting points of various treks and trails.

10. Conclusion

The Knuckles Mountain Range is an unmissable destination for nature enthusiasts, trekkers, and those interested in experiencing Sri Lanka’s rich biodiversity. With its unique flora and fauna, pristine landscapes, and cultural significance, it offers a memorable and rewarding experience for visitors. Whether you’re trekking through the misty mountains or simply soaking in the breathtaking views, the Knuckles range provides an authentic glimpse into Sri Lanka’s natural heritage.