Mývatn Nature Reserve | Akureyri

Mývatn Nature Reserve is a stunning and ecologically significant area located in North Iceland, surrounding Lake Mývatn and its surrounding geothermal features. It is one of Iceland’s most famous natural wonders, known for its rich biodiversity, exceptional birdwatching opportunities, and remarkable volcanic and geothermal landscapes. The reserve spans an area of approximately 2,720 square kilometers and includes diverse habitats such as wetlands, volcanic craters, and geothermal fields.

Key Features of Mývatn Nature Reserve

1. Biodiversity and Birdlife

• The Mývatn Nature Reserve is one of the most important bird habitats in Iceland, particularly for waterfowl. The lake and its surrounding wetlands support over 100 species of birds, with many migrating here for the breeding season.
• The name "Mývatn" itself means "Midge Lake," named after the midges that swarm in the summer, attracting many bird species. The wetlands around the lake are rich in food resources for ducks and other waterfowl, making it a prime location for birdwatching.
• Some of the key bird species found in the area include the common eider, greylag goose, harlequin duck, and red-necked phalarope. The reserve is also home to a variety of shorebirds, such as black-tailed godwits and waders, as well as migratory birds like arctic terns.
• The area is particularly important for ducks, with over 15 species of ducks breeding in the reserve, including dabbling ducks and diving ducks.

2. Geothermal Features and Volcanic Landscape

• Mývatn Nature Reserve is located in a geothermal hotspot, and the surrounding area is rich in geothermal features. The Hverir Geothermal Area, near the lake, is known for its sulfuric hot springs, boiling mud pots, and fumaroles, which create a surreal, steamy landscape.
• The volcanic landscape of the reserve is equally impressive. The area contains several volcanic craters and lava formations, such as the Hverfjall Crater, a large explosion crater that rises dramatically above the lake, and the Dimmuborgir Lava Fields, a unique area with bizarre lava formations often referred to as the "City of Elves."
• The Skútustaðir pseudocrater field is another interesting feature within the reserve. Pseudocraters are formed by steam explosions beneath flowing lava, creating crater-like formations. These pseudocraters are particularly striking along the southern shore of Lake Mývatn.

3. Mývatn Nature Baths

• Located in the reserve is the Mývatn Nature Baths, a relaxing geothermal spa offering visitors the chance to bathe in warm, mineral-rich waters while surrounded by stunning natural scenery. The baths are less crowded than the Blue Lagoon, offering a more tranquil experience. The waters are rich in silica and sulfur, known for their skin-healing properties.
• The Mývatn Nature Baths are a popular spot for visitors after a day of exploring the reserve’s volcanic features and hiking trails, providing a perfect way to unwind.

4. Hverfjall Crater

• The Hverfjall Crater is one of the most prominent landmarks in the Mývatn Nature Reserve. It is a large explosive volcanic crater, measuring about 1 kilometer (0.6 miles) in diameter and rising 420 meters (1,380 feet) above the surrounding landscape.
• The crater was formed by a phreatomagmatic eruption, where water came into contact with magma, causing explosive eruptions. Visitors can hike to the rim of the crater, which offers spectacular views of the lake and the surrounding volcanic landscape.

5. Dimmuborgir Lava Fields

• The Dimmuborgir Lava Fields are one of the most famous geological formations within the Mývatn Nature Reserve. These towering lava pillars, arches, and caves were formed by a volcanic eruption around 2,300 years ago.
• The area’s eerie, otherworldly appearance has led to its association with Icelandic folklore, where it is believed to be the home of elves and trolls. Visitors can explore the area by walking along various trails that take them through the lava formations.

6. Skútustaðir Pseudocraters

• The Skútustaðir pseudocrater field is a well-known geological feature on the southern shore of Lake Mývatn. These pseudocraters were created by steam explosions that occurred when hot lava flowed over wetlands or lakes. The resulting craters are not volcanic in nature but rather caused by the interaction between hot lava and water.
• Visitors can walk along the Skútustaðir walking trail to explore the pseudocraters and enjoy stunning views of the lake and the surrounding volcanic landscape.

7. Mývatn’s Wetlands and Waterways

• The wetlands around Lake Mývatn are crucial for its biodiversity and are considered an Important Bird Area (IBA) by the BirdLife International organization. The wetlands are home to various waterfowl, including ducks, swans, and geese.
• The Mývatn River, which flows from the lake, is rich in fish and provides an important feeding area for local birds, particularly during the summer months.

8. Hiking Trails

• The Mývatn Nature Reserve offers several hiking trails that allow visitors to explore its unique landscape. Popular trails include:
  • The Hverfjall Crater Trail, which leads visitors up to the rim of the crater for breathtaking views.
  • The Dimmuborgir Loop, a trail that winds through the Dimmuborgir Lava Fields and offers a chance to explore the striking lava formations.
  • The Skútustaðir Trail, which takes visitors through the pseudocrater field and provides views of the wetlands and the lake.
  • Trails around the Hverir Geothermal Area offer a close-up view of the geothermal features in the region.

9. Cultural and Historical Significance

• The Mývatn area has long been important to the people of Iceland, with archaeological evidence of settlement dating back to the Viking Age. The fertile wetlands and abundant birdlife have provided valuable resources for local communities.
• The Mývatn Visitor Center offers educational exhibits about the natural history, geology, and biodiversity of the area. It is a great starting point for visitors interested in learning more about the reserve.

10. Northern Lights Viewing

• Mývatn Nature Reserve is also an excellent location to view the Northern Lights during the winter months. The relatively remote location and clear skies make it a prime spot for experiencing the aurora borealis in a spectacular natural setting.

Conclusion

The Mývatn Nature Reserve is one of Iceland’s most unique and diverse natural areas, offering visitors the chance to explore geothermal features, volcanic landscapes, wetlands, and rich wildlife. Whether you’re hiking through the Dimmuborgir Lava Fields, relaxing in the Mývatn Nature Baths, or birdwatching around the lake, the reserve offers something for everyone. Its combination of natural beauty, geological wonder, and biodiversity make it a must-visit destination in Iceland.