Castillo de San Felipe de Barajas | Cartagena

Castillo de San Felipe de Barajas

The Castillo de San Felipe de Barajas is one of the most impressive and strategically significant fortresses built by the Spanish in South America. Located in Cartagena, Colombia, this massive stronghold stands on San Lázaro Hill and is considered the greatest military structure built by Spain in its American colonies. Recognized as a UNESCO World Heritage Site, the fortress is an icon of Cartagena’s colonial history, offering visitors an in-depth look into its military engineering, battles, and legends.

Historical Background

• Built in 1536 by Spanish conquerors, it was expanded in 1657 due to increasing threats from pirates, the British, and French forces.
• The fort was designed to protect Cartagena’s valuable port, which was a key hub for gold, silver, and other goods transported to Spain.
• The fortress played a crucial role in defending Cartagena from multiple attacks, including the famous Battle of Cartagena de Indias (1741), where Spanish forces, despite being outnumbered, successfully repelled a massive British invasion led by Admiral Edward Vernon.

What to See at Castillo de San Felipe de Barajas

1. The Main Entrance & Outer Walls

• Visitors enter through Puerta del Judío, which leads to a labyrinth of tunnels, strategic walls, and military structures.
• The thick stone walls were built at steep angles, making them nearly impossible for enemies to climb.

2. The Complex Tunnels & Underground Passages

• One of the castle’s most fascinating features is its intricate network of tunnels, designed for quick soldier movements and surprise attacks.
• These tunnels are still intact, and some are open to visitors—creating an immersive historical experience.
• The tunnels were engineered with excellent acoustics, allowing soldiers to hear approaching enemies long before they arrived.

3. The Plaza de Armas (Main Courtyard)

• This large, open area was the center of the fortress, where soldiers assembled and cannons were positioned.
• The plaza offers stunning panoramic views of Cartagena, including the Caribbean Sea, Getsemaní district, and the modern skyline.

4. The Santa Bárbara Battery & Lookout Points

• One of the highest points of the fort, this area was crucial for defending against naval and land attacks.
• Several cannons remain, facing outward towards the city and coastline.

5. The Guardian’s House & Soldier Barracks

• The soldier barracks showcase how Spanish troops lived inside the fortress, with minimal comfort.
• The Guardian’s House was used by commanders and officers, offering a more strategic vantage point over the city.

6. The Statue of Blas de Lezo

• Located near the entrance, this statue honors Blas de Lezo, the one-legged, one-armed Spanish admiral who led the heroic defense of Cartagena against the British fleet in 1741.
• Despite being heavily outnumbered, his tactical genius ensured Spanish victory.

The Battle of Cartagena de Indias (1741)

• In April 1741, Admiral Edward Vernon launched an attack with 186 ships, 27,000 men, and 2,000 cannons—one of the largest British naval assaults in history.
• Spanish forces, led by Blas de Lezo, had only 3,600 soldiers and six ships but used the fortress’s strategic design to their advantage.
• After 67 days of battle, the British suffered over 18,000 casualties and retreated in defeat, securing Spanish control over Cartagena.

Why Visit Castillo de San Felipe de Barajas?

✔ One of the most impressive colonial fortresses in the Americas.
✔ Stunning panoramic views of Cartagena and the Caribbean Sea.
✔ Fascinating underground tunnels and military structures.
✔ Rich history of pirate attacks, battles, and Spanish conquest.
✔ A must-visit for history lovers, adventure seekers, and photographers.

Final Thoughts

The Castillo de San Felipe de Barajas is more than just a historical site—it's a symbol of Cartagena’s resilience and Spanish military ingenuity. Whether you’re exploring its tunnels, admiring the views, or learning about legendary battles, this fortress is a must-see attraction that captures the spirit of Colombia’s colonial past.