Eastern Neck National Wildlife Refuge | Ocean City

Eastern Neck National Wildlife Refuge is a protected natural area of approximately 2,285 acres located at the junction where the Chester River meets the Chesapeake Bay in Kent County, Maryland. Established in 1962, the refuge plays a vital role in conserving diverse habitats and serves as an important sanctuary for migratory birds, especially waterfowl like the iconic tundra swan, which winters here in large numbers. Beyond birds, the refuge supports over 240 species of birds, as well as numerous mammals, reptiles, amphibians, and insects, making it a biodiversity hotspot on Maryland’s Eastern Shore.

Landscape and Habitats

The refuge’s landscape is a mosaic of habitats including tidal marshes, forested areas, cropland, grasslands, freshwater ponds, and open water impoundments. This diversity provides excellent conditions for wildlife, particularly migratory birds that rely on the wetlands for resting, feeding, and breeding during seasonal movements.

Tidal Marshes: These are critical nursery areas for fish and provide shelter and food for waterfowl and shorebirds. The marshes also help filter pollutants and protect the coastline from erosion.

Woodlands: Forested areas offer habitat for songbirds, deer, and other terrestrial species. They also provide shade and cooler microclimates within the refuge.

Grasslands and Croplands: Managed to benefit wildlife, these open areas support ground-nesting birds and small mammals.

Trails and Access

Eastern Neck NWR offers nearly nine miles of roads and walking trails that wind through these habitats, allowing visitors to experience the refuge’s natural beauty up close. Key trails include:

Bay View Butterfly Trail: A short, easy loop through wildflower meadows and woods, culminating in an overlook with stunning views of the Chesapeake Bay. This trail is especially popular in spring and summer for butterfly watching and birding.

Boxes Point Trail: About 1.1 miles long, this trail passes through agricultural fields and marshland, providing prime spots for viewing migratory waterfowl, including swans and bald eagles, particularly during fall and winter.

Duck Inn Trail: A wooded trail leading to the Chester River’s edge, ideal for spotting ducks, herons, and other water birds.

Tubby Cove Boardwalk: A wooden walkway extending over tidal marsh, offering unique views of marsh wildlife and the bay.

Tidal Marsh Trail: An accessible boardwalk leading to a photo blind overlooking the river, allowing for quiet, up-close wildlife observation.

Visitors can access most trails via informational kiosks and maps at the Visitor Contact Station, open Fridays through Sundays.

Wildlife Watching

The refuge is a premier site for birdwatching. During migration seasons and winter months, thousands of tundra swans and other waterfowl such as Canada geese, mallards, and various diving ducks congregate here. Bald eagles are often seen soaring overhead or perched in trees. Shorebirds and songbirds add to the rich birdlife throughout the year.

Mammals such as white-tailed deer, red foxes, raccoons, and beavers inhabit the refuge’s forests and wetlands. The aquatic habitats support amphibians and reptiles like turtles and frogs, contributing to a balanced ecosystem.

Recreational Activities

Fishing: Allowed in designated areas such as Tundra Swan Boardwalk and Ingleside Recreation Area, fishing is popular in the tidal waters for species like striped bass and perch.

Boating: Non-motorized boating, such as kayaking and canoeing, is permitted in specific zones and seasons, offering peaceful exploration of the refuge’s waterways. Motorized boating is allowed with permits at some boat launches.

Cycling: The refuge’s paved and packed dirt roads make it suitable for biking, providing a way to cover more ground while enjoying nature.

Photography and Education: The refuge’s natural settings, especially the boardwalks and observation platforms, are perfect for wildlife photography and nature study.

Visitor Amenities and Regulations

The Visitor Contact Station serves as a hub for information, maps, and educational materials. The refuge is open daily from dawn to dusk, except during specific hunting days which are posted in advance. Pets are welcome but must be leashed at all times, and owners are responsible for cleaning up after them.

Access and Location

Eastern Neck NWR is located about 10 miles south of Chestertown. Visitors typically reach it via Maryland Route 20, turning onto Route 445, crossing a small bridge onto the refuge grounds. Signage and kiosks direct visitors to trailheads, parking, boat launches, and key points of interest.

Conservation Importance

Eastern Neck serves as a vital stopover for migratory birds along the Atlantic Flyway, supporting species during crucial parts of their life cycles. The refuge’s preservation of wetlands and natural habitats helps maintain water quality in the Chesapeake Bay and provides resilience against environmental changes.

Overall, Eastern Neck National Wildlife Refuge offers a rich, immersive experience for wildlife enthusiasts, casual visitors, and those seeking serene natural landscapes, combining conservation, recreation, and education on Maryland’s Eastern Shore.