National Museum of Iceland | Reykjavik

The National Museum of Iceland (Þjóðminjasafn Íslands) is one of Iceland’s most important cultural institutions, dedicated to preserving and showcasing the history, heritage, and artifacts of the country. Located in Reykjavik, the museum offers an in-depth exploration of Iceland’s development from its settlement to the present day.

History and Purpose

Founded: The museum was established in 1863, making it one of the oldest cultural institutions in Iceland. Its founding was driven by the need to collect and preserve Iceland’s cultural history and artifacts, particularly as the country gained independence from Denmark in the early 20th century.

Mission: The National Museum aims to educate both Icelanders and visitors about the country’s history, culture, and the development of Icelandic society. It serves as a place for research, public education, and the conservation of Iceland's historical objects.

Architecture

The museum’s building is a modern structure, designed to accommodate both exhibitions and administrative functions. Its design balances contemporary architecture with respect for Iceland's natural environment, and the layout emphasizes openness and accessibility.

New Building (2000): The National Museum moved into a new, purpose-built building in 2000, which significantly expanded its capacity to showcase its collection and host temporary exhibitions. The building's clean lines and modern design offer a contrast to the historical artifacts inside, reflecting Iceland’s connection to both tradition and modernity.

Exhibitions and Collections

The museum houses a wide range of permanent and temporary exhibitions, covering various aspects of Icelandic history, culture, and art.

Permanent Exhibitions: The main permanent exhibition is titled “Making of a Nation: Heritage and History of Iceland,” which covers the history of Iceland from its settlement in the 9th century to the present day. It is arranged chronologically and thematically, with exhibits highlighting key moments in Icelandic history, such as the arrival of the Vikings, the development of the Icelandic sagas, the medieval period, the union with Denmark, and the country’s path to independence.

Viking Age: One of the most important sections focuses on the Viking Age, which is foundational to Icelandic identity. Artifacts such as weapons, tools, and everyday objects from the settlement period (around 870 AD) are on display.

Medieval and Early Modern Periods: The museum also explores Iceland’s medieval and early modern history, showcasing manuscripts, religious artifacts, and objects from the Middle Ages, including a famous medieval Icelandic church door from the 13th century, one of the oldest surviving items from this period.

National Identity: The exhibition also delves into the formation of Iceland’s national identity, particularly after the country’s union with Denmark in the 19th century. This includes objects related to the Icelandic independence movement and the eventual establishment of the republic in 1944.

Artifacts: The museum’s collection includes a wide array of objects that span Iceland’s history. Highlights include:

• Icelandic Sagas: Manuscripts and early printed books related to the sagas, which are an integral part of Icelandic cultural heritage.
• Religious Objects: Artifacts from Iceland’s Christianization in the 10th century, including altarpieces, religious texts, and ceremonial items.
• Traditional Clothing: Items of traditional Icelandic clothing, such as the national national costume, known as the Þjóðbúningur, which has strong ties to Icelandic heritage.
• Farming Tools: Tools and objects used in traditional Icelandic farming, which reflects the country’s agrarian past.

Special Exhibitions and Programs

Temporary Exhibitions: The National Museum regularly hosts temporary exhibitions that focus on specific aspects of Icelandic culture, art, or history. These exhibitions allow the museum to explore a wide range of topics, from contemporary Icelandic art to global themes that relate to Iceland’s cultural exchanges and connections.

Educational Programs: The museum offers a variety of educational programs for children, families, and adults. These include guided tours, workshops, and lectures on various topics related to Icelandic history and culture. The museum also engages with schools to offer educational experiences that align with Iceland’s curriculum.

Conservation and Research: The museum plays a key role in preserving and researching Icelandic cultural artifacts. It conducts research on Icelandic history, archaeology, and anthropology, often collaborating with universities and other institutions to advance knowledge about Iceland's past.

Visitor Experience

Interactive Exhibits: The museum has made efforts to make its exhibits engaging and interactive, especially for younger visitors. Digital displays, audio guides, and video presentations enhance the visitor experience and provide more context to the objects on display.

Gift Shop and Café: The museum features a gift shop with Icelandic-themed products, including books on Icelandic history, arts, and culture, as well as handmade crafts and souvenirs. There is also a café where visitors can relax and enjoy Icelandic delicacies.

Accessibility: The museum is centrally located in Reykjavik, making it easily accessible to tourists and locals. It is also wheelchair accessible and provides services for visitors with special needs.

Conclusion

The National Museum of Iceland is an essential destination for anyone interested in learning about the history, culture, and heritage of Iceland. Through its extensive collection of artifacts and engaging exhibitions, it offers a comprehensive view of Iceland’s development from its Viking roots to its modern identity. Whether you are a history enthusiast or a curious traveler, a visit to the National Museum provides valuable insight into the unique story of Iceland and its people.