Besakih Temple | Bali

Besakih Temple (Pura Besakih) is Bali's largest and most important temple complex, located on the slopes of Mount Agung in eastern Bali, Indonesia. Often referred to as the "Mother Temple" of Bali, Besakih is a sacred site that holds profound cultural, spiritual, and historical significance for the Balinese people. The temple is an important pilgrimage destination and a symbol of Bali’s deep-rooted Hindu religious practices.

Historical and Cultural Significance

Ancient Roots: Pura Besakih has been a central religious site for Balinese Hindus for over 1,000 years. The temple complex is thought to have been built around the 11th century, although its origins may date back earlier. Over the centuries, it has undergone expansions and renovations, making it a significant symbol of the evolution of Hinduism in Bali.

Mother Temple of Bali: Besakih is considered the most sacred and holiest temple in Bali. It serves as the center of Bali's Hindu religion, and it is dedicated to the supreme god Sanghyang Widi Wasa, a manifestation of the One God in Balinese Hinduism. The temple complex also honors other deities and serves as a place of worship for many different factions of the Balinese Hindu community.

Mount Agung Connection: The temple's location on the slopes of Mount Agung is highly symbolic. Mount Agung is regarded as the dwelling place of the gods in Balinese Hindu belief. The temple complex is thought to mirror the relationship between heaven and earth, with its temples arranged to represent a spiritual hierarchy from the lower level to the sacred summit. The connection to Mount Agung adds to the temple’s importance, as it is considered a physical manifestation of Bali’s sacred energy.

Temple Complex and Architecture

The Besakih Temple complex consists of 23 temples spread across six levels, stretching up the mountainside. The main temple is Pura Penataran Agung, which is dedicated to the worship of the Tri Murti (the three main gods in Hinduism): Brahma (the Creator), Vishnu (the Preserver), and Shiva (the Destroyer).

Pura Penataran Agung: The central temple is the most important in the complex and features a large courtyard, which is where most of the worship and ceremonies take place. The temple is an architectural marvel with intricately designed gates, statues, and shrines. The design of the temple is meant to symbolize the interaction between humans and gods, with the structures arranged in ascending levels that mirror the layers of the universe.

Pura Kiduling Kreteg: Another prominent temple in the complex is Pura Kiduling Kreteg, dedicated to Lord Vishnu, the god of preservation. This temple has an important spiritual role and serves as a site for religious ceremonies and offerings.

Pura Batu Madeg: This temple is dedicated to Lord Shiva and is known for its historical significance. It is a place of worship for Balinese Hindus, especially for those who seek spiritual purification and guidance.

Pura Dalem: This temple is dedicated to Lord Shiva’s destructive aspect and plays an important role in the religious life of the community.

Pura Jaga Ratu: A smaller temple, located at the top of the temple complex, is dedicated to Sanghyang Widi Wasa, the Supreme Being.

Spiritual Practices and Festivals

Ceremonies and Pilgrimages: Besakih Temple is the site of many religious ceremonies throughout the year, with both local and regional festivals. Odalan (temple anniversary) is one of the major festivals celebrated in Besakih, where offerings are made, and rituals are performed to honor the gods. Pilgrims from all over Bali and beyond travel to Besakih to participate in the ceremonies and offer prayers.

The Annual Melasti Ceremony: One of the most important events in Bali, Melasti, is a purification ceremony that takes place annually before the Nyepi (Balinese Day of Silence) and often involves a procession of worshippers to Pura Besakih. During Melasti, sacred objects and temple paraphernalia are carried to the temple for cleansing and blessing.

Puja: Puja is the act of worship in Balinese Hinduism, and devotees perform puja rituals at Besakih to invoke the presence of the gods, make offerings, and seek blessings. The prayers focus on maintaining harmony with nature and the divine.

Trekking and Views

Mount Agung Views: The temple is set in a stunning natural setting, with magnificent views of Mount Agung, the highest peak in Bali. Visitors can see sweeping vistas of lush green hills, valleys, and rice terraces surrounding the temple complex. The temple’s location on the mountainside offers an excellent opportunity for visitors to enjoy Bali’s natural beauty.

Trekking: Some visitors hike to the temple, although it is a challenging climb due to the steepness and elevation. Many prefer to drive up to the Pura Besakih complex, but for those interested in the full experience, a trek can be organized from nearby villages. Trekking to the temple involves passing through forests, rice fields, and traditional Balinese villages, providing a chance to explore the island’s rural charm.

Visitor Information

Location

• Address: Pura Besakih, Jl. Raya Besakih, Karangasem, Bali, Indonesia.
• Besakih Temple is located in Karangasem Regency on the eastern slopes of Mount Agung, about 2.5 to 3 hours by car from Denpasar (the capital of Bali).

Opening Hours

• Daily Hours: Besakih Temple is open every day, typically from 8:00 AM to 6:00 PM. Visitors can enter the temple complex at any time during these hours, although it is advisable to visit early in the day to avoid crowds.

Entrance Fee

• The entrance fee to Besakih Temple is approximately IDR 60,000 (around USD 4). Visitors should be aware that an additional fee may be required for parking or donations to support the temple’s upkeep.

Dress Code

• As Besakih is a sacred site, visitors must dress modestly when visiting the temple. Sarongs (traditional Balinese clothing) are available for rent at the entrance, and it is recommended to wear them to show respect for the religious significance of the site.

Guides

• Local guides are available at the temple to offer insights into the history, spiritual significance, and rituals of the complex. Hiring a guide is highly recommended to better understand the temple's cultural importance.

Safety and Etiquette

• Respect the Sacred Site: As Besakih is an active religious site, visitors should respect local customs and avoid any disruptive behavior. Silence is encouraged, particularly during ceremonies.
• Take Care of Personal Items: While the temple is safe for tourists, visitors should always keep an eye on their belongings and avoid leaving personal items unattended.

Nearby Attractions

Tirta Gangga: Tirta Gangga is a beautiful water palace located about a 30-minute drive from Besakih. The palace features artificial lakes, water fountains, and traditional Balinese gardens that offer a peaceful and serene escape.

Mount Agung: For those interested in hiking, the majestic Mount Agung is a short distance from Besakih and offers challenging trekking opportunities. The views from the summit are incredible, especially at sunrise.

Pura Luhur Lempuyang: Often referred to as the “Gateway to Heaven”, Pura Luhur Lempuyang is another sacred temple located about 45 minutes from Besakih. The temple offers panoramic views of Mount Agung and is one of Bali's most picturesque temple sites.

Conclusion

Besakih Temple is a majestic and spiritual landmark that embodies the deep cultural and religious significance of Bali. Its stunning architecture, sacred grounds, and connection to Mount Agung make it a must-visit destination for anyone interested in exploring the spiritual heart of Bali. Whether you are a devotee, a cultural enthusiast, or simply seeking to experience Bali’s beauty and tranquility, Besakih Temple offers an unforgettable experience that connects visitors to the island’s rich history and religious traditions.