Forte Mare Fortress | Herceg Novi

Forte Mare Fortress (also known as Fortress of Herceg Novi) is a historic fortress located in the town of Herceg Novi, on the Bay of Kotor in Montenegro. This fortress is one of the most significant landmarks in the town, reflecting its rich military history and strategic importance in the region.

Historical Background

Construction: The fortress was originally built in the 14th century, during the time when Herceg Novi was under Venetian rule. Its construction was part of the town's defensive fortifications, designed to protect the settlement from naval invasions and attacks from the sea. The fortress was expanded and modified over the centuries by different rulers, including the Ottomans and the Austrians.

Name Origin: The name "Forte Mare" translates to "Sea Fortress," reflecting its location along the coastline and its role in protecting the town from maritime threats. It is also sometimes referred to as the Herceg Novi Fortress, as the town’s name derives from Herceg Stjepan, a ruler of the region in the 15th century.

Architectural Features

Layout: The fortress is an impressive example of military architecture, with multiple levels and a complex system of walls, bastions, and gates. Its strategic location on a hilltop near the sea allowed for easy monitoring of the surrounding waters, giving it a vantage point for defending against naval attacks.

Defensive Walls: The fortress is surrounded by robust stone walls that were designed to withstand artillery fire. Over the years, the structure was fortified with additional defensive features, such as cannon platforms and guard towers. The fortress walls still bear marks of historical sieges and battles.

Tunnels and Secret Paths: Like many fortresses of its time, Forte Mare includes a system of underground tunnels and secret paths that were used for strategic purposes, including escape routes and communication between different parts of the town and the fortress.

Gate and Entrance: The main entrance to the fortress is through a fortified gate that leads to a central courtyard. The gate area was designed to be easily defensible and was equipped with a drawbridge and a portcullis to prevent unauthorized access during sieges.

Cultural and Historical Significance

Strategic Importance: Forte Mare Fortress played a key role in the defense of Herceg Novi against various invaders, including the Ottoman Empire, the Venetians, and Austrians. Its location at the entrance to the Bay of Kotor made it an important strategic point, controlling access to the bay and protecting the town’s harbor.

Rulers and Modifications: The fortress has been expanded and modified by different rulers over time:

• During the Ottoman period, the fortress was reinforced, and the Ottomans added additional features, including bastions and defensive walls.
• The Austrians later renovated the fortress, giving it a more modern appearance with stronger walls and more advanced defensive mechanisms.
• The fortress also saw modifications under the Kingdom of Montenegro in the 19th century, particularly for coastal defense.

Heritage Site: Today, the Forte Mare Fortress is a protected heritage site in Montenegro. It stands as a testament to the town's historical role as a military stronghold and its rich cultural legacy. The fortress is also an important part of Herceg Novi’s identity and is a prominent attraction for tourists visiting the town.

Tourism and Visiting

Viewpoints: One of the most popular aspects of visiting the Forte Mare Fortress is its panoramic views. The fortress offers stunning views of the Bay of Kotor, the town of Herceg Novi, and the surrounding mountains. Visitors can enjoy breathtaking vistas of the coastline, the blue waters of the bay, and the lush landscapes that stretch out in all directions.

Exhibitions: Inside the fortress, visitors can explore several exhibits related to the history of the fortress, the town, and the region. The fortress is sometimes used for cultural events and exhibitions, adding a vibrant element to the historic space. In recent years, the fortress has become a venue for art exhibitions, music concerts, and other cultural events that attract both locals and tourists.

Exploring the Fortress: Visitors can walk through the fortress courtyard, climb the towers, and explore the different sections of the structure. The interior features historic rooms, bastions, and old cannon placements. The fortress also has a small museum showcasing relics and information about its military history.

Conclusion

Forte Mare Fortress is a symbol of the historical significance of Herceg Novi and its strategic importance in the defense of the Bay of Kotor. The fortress, with its rich history and stunning views, remains one of the most important landmarks in the town. Visitors to the fortress not only learn about the military history of the region but also enjoy some of the most spectacular vistas in Montenegro. Whether you're exploring its fortifications, learning about its role in Montenegro’s past, or simply enjoying the breathtaking scenery, Forte Mare offers a fascinating experience for all who visit.