Information
Landmark: Copenhagen SynagogueCity: Copenhagen
Country: Denmark
Continent: Europe
The Copenhagen Synagogue (also known as the Great Synagogue of Copenhagen or Den Store Synagoge i København) is the largest and oldest synagogue in Denmark. Located in the heart of Copenhagen, it is an important religious, cultural, and historical site for Denmark’s Jewish community, which has a long and significant history in the country.
Overview
- Name: Copenhagen Synagogue (Den Store Synagoge i København)
- Location: Krystalgade 12, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Founded: 1833
- Architectural Style: Neo-Moorish style
- Denomination: Orthodox Judaism
History
The Copenhagen Synagogue was established in 1833 after the Jewish community in Copenhagen was granted the right to build a synagogue. Denmark's Jewish community dates back to the early 17th century, with the first Jews arriving in Denmark in 1622 under King Christian IV. However, it was not until the early 19th century that the community became large enough to justify the construction of a synagogue.
Construction: The synagogue was designed by the architect Josef M. C. Jacobsen, who drew on the architectural style of the Moorish Revival, which was popular in Europe during the 19th century. The synagogue's design incorporates elements of Islamic, Byzantine, and Romanesque styles.
Inauguration: The synagogue was inaugurated in 1833 and quickly became the center of religious life for the Jewish community in Copenhagen.
Historic Significance: During World War II, Copenhagen Synagogue played an important role in the Jewish resistance to the Nazi occupation. In 1943, as the Nazis began rounding up Jews for deportation, many Jews sought refuge in Denmark, and the synagogue was a key location in organizing efforts to smuggle Jews to safety in neutral Sweden.
Architecture
The Copenhagen Synagogue is an impressive example of Neo-Moorish architecture, which was characterized by its use of ornate decoration, horseshoe arches, and intricate detailing. The synagogue is relatively modest compared to other grand European synagogues, but it remains a beautiful and significant building in Copenhagen.
Exterior:
- The building is symmetrical and features horseshoe arches typical of the Moorish Revival style. Its facade is adorned with decorative details, such as intricate brickwork and ornamental patterns.
- The central doorway is flanked by pillars and has large windows, which allow natural light to illuminate the interior.
Interior:
- The interior of the synagogue is richly decorated with wood paneling, stained glass windows, and intricate ceiling designs. The bimah (platform where the Torah is read) is at the center of the synagogue, elevated to signify the central role of the Torah in Jewish worship.
- The ark, which houses the Torah scrolls, is beautifully crafted and located at the eastern wall of the synagogue. It is often a focal point of the synagogue’s interior.
- The menorah, the seven-branched candelabrum, is a prominent feature of the synagogue, symbolizing the Temple in Jerusalem.
Capacity:
- The synagogue can accommodate around 1,000 people, and it is still in use today for regular prayer services and important Jewish festivals.
Role in the Jewish Community
The Copenhagen Synagogue continues to be a central hub for the Jewish community in Copenhagen. It hosts regular prayer services, particularly on Shabbat (the Jewish Sabbath), as well as special services for Jewish holidays like Rosh Hashanah (Jewish New Year), Yom Kippur (Day of Atonement), and Passover.
The synagogue also provides educational programs, cultural events, and social activities for the Jewish community. It is a place of worship, but also of community gathering and celebration.
As Denmark’s largest synagogue, it is a symbol of Jewish life and culture in the country, with a long history that traces the development of the Jewish population in Denmark.
Significance During World War II
The Copenhagen Synagogue played a key role during the Nazi occupation of Denmark in World War II. In 1943, as the Nazis began to arrest Danish Jews for deportation to concentration camps, many Jewish citizens fled to Sweden with the help of local resistance groups and sympathetic Danish citizens. The synagogue was one of the central points in organizing this escape.
- During this time, Denmark’s entire Jewish population—about 7,000 people—was saved from the Holocaust, with the majority escaping to Sweden, thanks to the efforts of the Danish resistance, the Copenhagen Synagogue, and the broader Danish public.
Visitor Information
Opening Hours:
- The synagogue is generally open to the public for guided tours or during specific visiting hours, but it is a working religious site, so visitors should be respectful of prayer services.
- It is recommended to check the synagogue’s website or contact the synagogue directly for up-to-date visiting hours and any special events.
Admission:
- Admission to the synagogue is usually free, though donations are appreciated. There may be fees for guided tours.
- Visitors should dress modestly when visiting, as it is a religious site.
Guided Tours:
- The synagogue offers guided tours for those interested in learning more about its history, architecture, and significance. These tours are available in English and Danish.
Location:
- The synagogue is centrally located in Copenhagen’s city center, making it easy to visit along with other nearby attractions like Rosenborg Castle, Nyhavn, and the National Museum of Denmark.
Nearby Attractions
- Rosenborg Castle: Located nearby, this historical castle houses the crown jewels and offers a rich experience in royal history.
- The Round Tower (Rundetårn): A historic observatory with panoramic views of Copenhagen, also close to the synagogue.
- Nyhavn: The picturesque harbor area is not far from the synagogue, perfect for a walk along the canal.
- The National Museum of Denmark: A short distance away, this museum offers exhibits on Danish history, including the history of Jews in Denmark.
Fun Fact
The Copenhagen Synagogue is the oldest synagogue in Denmark and has been a key part of Jewish life in the country for nearly 200 years. It’s also one of the few Moorish Revival-style synagogues in Europe, making it a rare and culturally significant building.
Visiting Tips
- Respect Prayer Services: Since the synagogue is a place of worship, it's important to be respectful of the prayer services. Visitors should avoid making noise or disturbing worshippers.
- Guided Tour: Consider joining a guided tour to learn more about the history and significance of the synagogue, especially if you're interested in the role it played during World War II.
- Modest Attire: When visiting a synagogue, it's customary to wear modest clothing. Women are sometimes required to cover their heads with a scarf or hat (this may be provided at the synagogue).
The Copenhagen Synagogue is a rich historical and cultural landmark in Denmark, serving as a symbol of Jewish life and resilience. It offers visitors a chance to explore both its architectural beauty and its important role in Denmark’s history.