El Hierro | Canary Islands

El Hierro, the smallest of the Canary Islands, is known for its unspoiled landscapes, ecological commitment, and distinct natural beauty. This volcanic island, located to the southwest of the Canary Archipelago, is often regarded as one of the most remote and peaceful destinations in the region. With a focus on sustainability and a commitment to preserving its natural environment, El Hierro is an ideal destination for those looking to experience a quieter, more authentic side of the Canary Islands. Here's a detailed look at El Hierro, excluding its landmarks:

Geography and Climate

El Hierro is a volcanic island with a dramatic landscape shaped by its volcanic origins. The island is characterized by rugged cliffs, steep valleys, and a variety of microclimates. The highest point on the island is Pico de Malpaso, which rises to 1,501 meters (4,924 feet) above sea level. Its terrain is marked by deep ravines and lush forests, particularly in the northern and central parts of the island, while the southern coast is more arid.

El Hierro enjoys a mild subtropical climate, with average temperatures ranging from 18°C (64°F) in winter to 24°C (75°F) in summer. The northern side of the island receives more rainfall and is typically more humid, while the southern side is drier and sunnier. The island’s small size and varied elevation mean that its microclimates can change significantly depending on altitude, which creates a diversity of vegetation and wildlife.

Economy and Industry

El Hierro's economy is largely based on agriculture, fishing, and increasingly on eco-tourism. The island has a long tradition of farming, with local crops including potatoes, tomatoes, and other vegetables. One of the most famous products of the island is its goat cheese, made from the milk of native goats. El Hierro’s agriculture benefits from its volcanic soil, which is rich in nutrients and ideal for growing a variety of crops.

Fishing, particularly tuna fishing, has historically been a major economic activity on the island, though in recent years it has become less significant due to overfishing concerns and a shift towards sustainable practices. The island is also becoming known for its eco-tourism, as visitors are drawn to its natural beauty, tranquility, and commitment to sustainability.

The island is also notable for its renewable energy initiatives. El Hierro has become a leader in renewable energy production, with a goal of being fully self-sufficient in energy through wind, solar, and hydropower. In 2014, it became the first island in the world to fully rely on renewable energy, making it a model for sustainable living.

Culture and Society

El Hierro’s culture reflects its isolation and long-standing traditions. The island’s small population, with fewer than 11,000 residents, has preserved many aspects of Canarian life that have disappeared on larger, more tourist-oriented islands. The people of El Hierro are known for their deep connection to the land and sea, and many still engage in farming, fishing, and other traditional activities.

The island’s culture is rooted in its indigenous Guanche heritage, along with strong Spanish influences. One of the most distinctive aspects of El Hierro’s cultural identity is its folklore and traditional music, which includes the timple, a small stringed instrument typical of the Canary Islands, and folk dances performed at local festivals.

El Hierro celebrates a number of religious and cultural festivals throughout the year. One of the most important is the annual fiesta in honor of the island’s patron saint, the Virgen de los Reyes, which involves processions, music, dancing, and traditional events. Carnival is another major event, with vibrant parades, costumes, and music marking the start of Lent.

Transportation

El Hierro is accessible by ferry and air. The island’s airport, El Hierro Airport (Aeropuerto de El Hierro), offers flights to Tenerife and other Canary Islands, making it relatively easy to access from the rest of the archipelago. The island is also connected by ferry to the nearby islands of Tenerife and La Gomera, with daily services operated by various ferry companies.

El Hierro’s road network is well-developed but limited due to the island’s small size and rugged terrain. The roads are narrow and winding, particularly in the more mountainous areas, but they offer spectacular views. Renting a car is the most popular way to explore the island, as public transportation is minimal, and the limited bus routes do not cover the island comprehensively. Cycling is also a popular activity due to the island's relatively small size and varied terrain.

Nature and Outdoor Activities

El Hierro is a haven for outdoor enthusiasts, offering opportunities for hiking, diving, and nature observation. The island’s rugged terrain, with deep ravines, volcanic cliffs, and lush forests, is ideal for hiking. Trails wind through a variety of landscapes, from the rich laurel forests of the north to the dry, arid zones of the south. The island’s natural parks and protected areas offer a wealth of wildlife and unique flora, including endemic species like the El Hierro giant lizard.

One of the island’s most popular activities is diving, with its clear waters offering some of the best underwater experiences in the Canary Islands. El Hierro’s marine reserve, Reserva Marina de la Restinga, is home to a rich diversity of marine life, including rays, turtles, and a variety of fish species. The island’s underwater volcanic landscapes and deep, clear waters make it a popular destination for divers from around the world.

El Hierro is also known for its excellent opportunities for whale and dolphin watching. The waters around the island are home to resident species of whales and dolphins, including bottlenose dolphins, sperm whales, and pilot whales. Tours operate regularly, offering visitors the chance to see these majestic creatures in their natural habitat.

Conservation and Sustainability

El Hierro has a strong commitment to sustainability and environmental conservation. In 2014, the island achieved a significant milestone by becoming the first island in the world to meet its entire energy needs through renewable sources, including wind, solar, and hydroelectric power. The El Hierro Wind-Hydro project, which uses a combination of wind turbines and hydroelectric energy storage, has made the island a model of renewable energy use, and it continues to develop more sustainable practices.

Much of El Hierro’s natural landscape is protected, including its Parque Natural de las Arenas Negras and the Reserva Natural Integral de los Roques de Salmor. The island’s commitment to conservation extends to its flora and fauna, with efforts to protect its unique species, such as the El Hierro giant lizard and endemic plants. Additionally, El Hierro promotes sustainable tourism practices, focusing on eco-friendly activities and minimizing environmental impact.

Lifestyle and Living

Life on El Hierro is peaceful and laid-back, with a deep connection to nature. The island’s small population means that the pace of life is slower compared to the larger, more commercialized islands of the Canaries. The island’s economy revolves around agriculture, fishing, and eco-tourism, with a strong emphasis on sustainable practices. Local markets sell fresh produce, locally grown vegetables, and traditional goods, creating a sense of community and connection to the land.

El Hierro has also attracted a growing number of people seeking a more sustainable and slower-paced lifestyle. Expats and remote workers have been drawn to the island's tranquil environment and focus on sustainability, making it a great place for those seeking a simpler life close to nature.

Conclusion

El Hierro is a small island that offers a unique and unspoiled experience for visitors looking for tranquility, natural beauty, and a commitment to sustainability. With its volcanic landscapes, clear waters, and emphasis on eco-tourism, the island is a haven for outdoor enthusiasts, nature lovers, and those looking to escape the hustle and bustle of modern life. Whether hiking through its lush forests, diving in its clear waters, or simply enjoying the peaceful atmosphere, El Hierro is a place where you can truly connect with nature and experience the beauty of one of the Canary Islands' most remote and eco-conscious destinations.