Eldhraun Lava Field | Vik

The Eldhraun Lava Field is one of the most remarkable and vast volcanic landscapes in Iceland, located in the southern part of the island, near the village of Vík í Mýrdal. It is known for its immense size, unique moss-covered surface, and fascinating geological history. This lava field is a must-see for anyone traveling through Iceland, particularly for those interested in volcanic landscapes and natural beauty.

Geological Formation

Volcanic Origin: Eldhraun is the result of an enormous volcanic eruption that occurred around 2,000 years ago in Laki, a volcanic system located in Iceland’s Laki Craters. The eruption, which lasted for several months in 1783–1784, was one of the largest in recorded history. It is estimated to have released over 14 cubic kilometers of lava, covering a vast area of 565 square kilometers (219 square miles), making it the largest lava flow in recorded history.

Lava Flow: The eruption at Laki produced a massive flow of basaltic lava that spread out across the land, creating a vast and intricate network of hardened lava. The lava formed a jagged, rugged surface and has been slowly weathering over centuries into its current form.

Moss Coverage and Landscape

Moss and Vegetation: One of the striking features of the Eldhraun Lava Field is its thick carpet of moss that covers the rocky surface. Over the centuries, the moss has thrived in the harsh conditions of the lava field, creating a surreal, almost otherworldly appearance. The bright green moss contrasts beautifully with the dark volcanic rock, and the landscape often appears to be covered in a soft, velvety blanket of moss. The moss is slow-growing and delicate, and visitors are advised to avoid trampling it to preserve its fragile ecosystem.

Scenic Views: The lava field, combined with the surrounding mountainous terrain and volcanic landscapes, offers incredible scenic views. The rolling hills of moss-covered lava, along with distant glaciers and mountains, create a dramatic and awe-inspiring landscape, especially during sunrise or sunset when the light hits the moss and rock in captivating ways.

Historical and Environmental Impact

Laki Eruption of 1783–1784: The eruption of Laki had far-reaching effects on both Iceland and the world. The volcanic ash and gases released into the atmosphere caused a global climatic event, leading to what is known as the "Laki haze". The eruption released massive amounts of sulfur dioxide, leading to acid rain, crop failures, and widespread famine in Iceland. The eruption is also thought to have contributed to a global temperature drop and affected the climate in Europe, Asia, and North America.

Impact on Iceland’s Ecology: The Eldhraun Lava Field is still a testament to the long-lasting effects of the Laki eruption on the Icelandic environment. Although the moss has since recovered, the field remains a barren, rugged landscape in many areas, with limited vegetation and an air of desolation. The lava field is an important part of Iceland’s natural history and is protected as part of the country's conservation efforts.

Visiting Eldhraun Lava Field

Location and Access: Eldhraun is located near the village of Vík í Mýrdal, along Route 1, the main ring road that circles Iceland. The lava field is easily accessible by car, and visitors can stop at several points along the road to admire the expansive field and take photographs. The field stretches for several kilometers, and some areas are more easily accessible than others.

Hiking: For those interested in exploring more deeply, there are several hiking trails around the Eldhraun Lava Field. These trails offer unique views of the moss-covered landscape and the surrounding volcanic features. Hiking in the area provides a chance to connect more intimately with the environment and appreciate the field’s quiet and stark beauty. However, hikers should be mindful of the fragile moss, as it is extremely sensitive and takes decades to recover if damaged.

Photographic Opportunities: Eldhraun is a photographer’s paradise. The contrast between the bright green moss and the dark volcanic rock, set against the backdrop of Iceland's mountains and glaciers, creates stunning visuals. The area is especially striking during the midnight sun in summer or winter months, when snow and ice cover the surrounding terrain.

Eco-Tourism Considerations: Visitors should be mindful of the delicate nature of the environment. The moss that blankets the lava field is slow-growing and easily damaged, and walking off established paths can cause lasting harm to the ecosystem. Many tours and guides in the area educate visitors about how to respect and preserve the fragile landscape.

Nearby Attractions

Eldhraun is located in close proximity to several other must-see attractions in the south of Iceland:

Vík í Mýrdal: The village of Vík is a charming seaside settlement known for its black sand beaches, particularly the Reynisfjara Beach, with its iconic basalt columns and sea stacks. It’s an excellent place to stop for a meal, accommodation, or a rest after exploring the lava fields.

Skogafoss Waterfall: Just to the west of Eldhraun, Skogafoss is one of Iceland's most famous waterfalls. With a height of 60 meters (197 feet), it offers fantastic photo opportunities and a chance to climb a staircase for an aerial view of the waterfall and surrounding landscapes.

Fjaðrárgljúfur Canyon: This stunning canyon is located not far from Eldhraun and features dramatic cliffs and winding river paths. The canyon is another natural wonder of Iceland and offers excellent hiking opportunities with beautiful views.

Sólheimajökull Glacier: Close to Eldhraun, the Sólheimajökull Glacier is an outlet of the larger Mýrdalsjökull Glacier. Visitors can take guided glacier hikes, explore ice caves, or simply enjoy the striking blue ice against the dark volcanic backdrop.

Conclusion

The Eldhraun Lava Field is a remarkable natural site, offering a unique glimpse into Iceland’s volcanic past and a landscape unlike any other. Whether you’re a fan of geology, photography, or simply appreciate the beauty of unspoiled nature, Eldhraun is a must-see location on Iceland’s southern coast. Its moss-covered lava, rich history, and proximity to other key Icelandic attractions make it a perfect addition to any itinerary exploring the island’s stunning landscapes.